当社のL4M2学習教材には、ユーザーのすべての要件を基本的に満たす多くの利点があります。試用期間中に良いコメントや提案がある場合は、タイムリーにフィードバックをお寄せください。私たちのL4M2学習資料はあなたに利益をもたらします、私たちはユーザーの利益のためにそれをすべてします。 L4M2トレーニング資料の合格率は99％〜100％であり、これはLoaylのお客様から証明されており、次のメリットが得られます。 L4M2練習ファイルは、ご参加をお待ちしております。

CIPS L4M2 認定試験の出題範囲：

L4M2試験勉強書

CIPS L4M2復習過去問 & L4M2問題例

現在、試験がシミュレーションテストを提供するような統合システムを持っていることはほとんどありません。 L4M2学習ツールについて学習した後、実際の試験を刺激することの重要性が徐々に認識されます。この機能により、L4M2練習システムがどのように動作するかを簡単に把握でき、L4M2試験に関する中核的な知識を得ることができます。さらに、実際の試験環境にいるときは、質問への回答の速度と品質を制御し、エクササイズの良い習慣を身に付けることができるため、L4M2試験に合格することができます。

CIPS Defining Business Needs 認定 L4M2 試験問題 (Q17-Q22):

質問 # 17
Despite of better improvement rates than other types of benchmarking, functional benchmarking still has downsides. Which of the following is most likely to be a disadvantage of functional benchmarking?

• A. Difference of corporate cultures across companies
• B. Legal issues regarding intellectual property
• C. Benchmarking can only be undertaken within an industry
• D. Unfair competition

正解：A

解説：
Functional benchmarking is a comparison to similar or identical practices (e.g., the picking process for assembling customer orders, maintaining inventory controls of spare computer parts, logistics to move operational forces, etc.) within the same or similar functions outside the immediate industry. Functional benchmarking might identify practices that are superior in your functional areas in whatever industry they may exist. Functional benchmarking would be accomplished at the federal level by comparing the IRS collections process against those of American Express. Comparing copper mining techniques to coal mining techniques is an example in the private sector.
Benefits
- Provides industry trend information
- Quantitative comparisons
- Better improvement rate
Challenges
- Diverse corporate cultures
- Great need for specificity
- Not invented here. syndrome
- Common functions can be difficult to find
- Takes more time than internal or percent
- Must be able to visualize how to adapt the best practices
Source: USN Benchmarking Handbook
LO 1, AC 1.3

質問 # 18
Due to the growth of consumer electronics market, semiconductor industry develops exponentially. However, the industry is dominated by a dozens of manufacturer. Chipset need to be built in factories with highly controlled environments. New chip factories cost billions of dollars and can take two years to build. Right now, factories are running at full capacity, which produce almost perfect yields, meaning basic chipset can be made for less than a dollar and more advanced versions for not much more. What are the barriers to new entrants in the semiconductor industry?
1. Poor industry growth
2. High set-up costs
3. Economies of scale
4. Low switching costs

• A. 1 and 4 only
• B. 3 and 4 only
• C. 2 and 3 only
• D. 2 and 4 only

正解：C

解説：
Barriers to entry is an economics and business term describing factors that can prevent or impede newcomers into a market or industry sector, and so limit competition. The most obvious barriers to entry are high start-up costs and regulatory hurdles which include the need for new companies to obtain licenses or regulatory clearance before operation. Also, industries heavily regulated by the government are usually the most difficult to penetrate. Other forms of barrier to entry that prevent new competitors from easily entering a business sector include special tax benefits to existing firms, patent protections, strong brand identity, customer loyalty, and high customer switching costs.
In the scenario, the new factory for chipset manufacturing costs billions of dollars, which indicates high set-up costs. Also, the incumbent manufacturers have reached economies of scale, allowing them to produce the components at optimal price.
The above descriptions are compiled from recent reports on current chip shortage (2021).
Reference:
- Barriers to Entry Definition (investopedia.com)
- CIPS study guide page 96-97
LO 2, AC 2.2

質問 # 19
Which of the following problems may be identified as open-ended problems? Select TWO that apply:

• A. Engine failures cause flight cancellations.
• B. Logistics costs incur a large portion in wholesale prices
• C. A cyber attack takes down whole company's IT system
• D. The suppliers don't comply with the company's policy on underage labour.
• E. Shortage of key medicines in healthcare industry

正解：B、D

解説：
Open-ended problem is something stopping the achievement of an objective or blocking progress. To solve this type of problems, procurement professional should find a way to unblock the block-age. In the above question, high logistics cost is an obstacle to cost cutting objective while suppli-er's incompliance prevents the company to achieve its sustainable objective.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.1

質問 # 20
This is the information on an organisation's activities over the past year
* Sale were $5,000,000. The value of accounts receivable was $450,000 at the start of the year and $525,000 at the end of the year
* The value of direct costs was $2,500,000 and 75% of this was bought on credit
* Indirect costs were $3,000,000 and 25% of this was bought on credit
* During the year the organization spent $1,500,000 on new assets and sold $150,000 of old assets. $1,000,000 of the spend on assets was funded by a bank loan
* The organization declared a dividend of $200,000 at the end of the year but this was not paid for another two months
* Opening balance was $175,000
Which of the following is the bank balance of that organization at the end of the year?

• A. $1,675,000
• B. $2,025,000
• C. $1,700,000
• D. $1,875,000

正解：D

解説：
In this question, you should understand the concept of cash flow and formula of cash flow. Cash flow calculates the physical money moving in and out a company's bank balance. The cash flow from sale activity is:
cash flow from sale = account receivable at beginning of the year + revenue - account receivable at the end of the year = $450,000 + $5,000,000 - $525,000 = $4,925,000
75% of direct costs was bought by credit, therefore, the company spent 25% on direct cost: -$2,500,000*25/100 = -$625,000
25% of indirect costs was bought on credit. Cash flow out on indirect costs is: -$3,000,000*75/100 = -$2,250,000 Company spent $1,500,000 on new assets funded by a loan of $1,000,000. Cash flow out from this activity is -$500,000 Company received $150,000 from selling old assets Dividends have not been paid for another 2 months, thus, they are not accounted as cash flow out.
The bank balance at the end of the year is: $175,000 + $4,925,000 - $625,000 - $2,250,000 - $500,000 + $150,000 = $1,875,000 LO 1, AC 1.4

質問 # 21
Which of the following is the technology that disrupts traditional retail?

• A. Robotics
• B. E-commerce
• C. Blockchain
• D. Self-Driving Cars

正解：B

解説：
One of the biggest disruptors in retail has been e-commerce. According to a report by IDC, in the month of December 2018, which is also the holiday season in the west, the e-commerce sector globally, has grown by 20 percent.
LO 2, AC 2.2

質問 # 22
......

幸せの生活は自分で作られて得ることです。だから、大人気なIT仕事に従事したいあなたは今から準備して努力するのではないでしょうか？さあ、ここで我々社のCIPSのL4M2試験模擬問題を推薦させてくださいませんか。我が社のL4M2問題集は必ずあなたの成功へ道の助力になれます。

L4M2復習過去問: https://www.mogiexam.com/L4M2-exam.html