Geological and topographic methods
Fog on the surface of the earth: It is the fog that is visible on the surface of the earth and its density varies according to the evaporation of groundwater. This fog can be detected by planting tall trees in semi-humid areas, and then the branches will tend in the direction of the fog.
The use of dishes: by placing large dishes on the surface of the earth in an oblique manner, then leaving them all night.
Appearance of a quantity of water: when groundwater is close to the surface of the earth, part of it will reach the surface of the earth through the capillary property, and therefore the presence of surface water in an area often indicates the presence of groundwater in that area, but it is not Certainly, this is due to the fact that this water could be a result of the ground or surface rocks containing some liquefied salts, which absorb moisture from the atmosphere, and therefore the moisture of the earth does not indicate the presence of groundwater.
Topography of the earth's surface: Undoubtedly, the groundwater level under the valleys is closer to the earth's surface than under the high areas.
River valleys: Wide open valleys with a medium slope have a better chance of drilling wells than narrow valleys with a steep slope.
Beach areas and sand dunes: where a layer of fresh water collects over salt water below the Earth's surface near dune-covered lands or beaches.
geophysical methods
Determining the electrical, thermal, or radioactive effect of water: It is considered one of the direct methods for prospecting for groundwater, as it is by using multiple devices such as: Geiger counters, thermometers, and special devices are also used to measure the electrical resistance of rocks, which often depends on the percentage of salts dissolved in the fluids permeating the rocks.
Using wireless methods to detect the location of groundwater: where radio waves are affected by the presence of such gaps during their flow into the ground.
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