A doctor can gather a large amount of information about a patient simply by asking questions and watching the way the person moves and acts. The exam also incorporates the use of tools such as a stethoscope, an otoscope, and a drawer test to examine the ears. Other laboratory tests may be incorporated into the exam as well. These may include blood work, urine or sputum specimens, chest and abdominal imaging, and an electrocardiogram (EKG).

Medical students and new physicians are trained to perform a comprehensive, headto-toe general physical examinations . Licensed practical nurses may perform the examination under supervision of registered nurses or advanced practice nurses such as nurse practitioners and doctors. In addition, other health professionals such as physician assistants and allied health professions may perform certain parts of the exam.

The history is one of the most important components of a physical examination. The examiner will ask the patient about any changes to their health that have occurred recently, as well as a complete list of medications being taken and what they are used for. Inquiries about family members' health histories and any vaccinations the patient has received are common as well.

After obtaining a medical history, the examiner will proceed to the head-to-toe examination. They will look for abnormalities in the skin, eyes, ears, throat, chest, abdomen, and joints. They will check for signs of swelling in the joints, such as pain or a limp when standing and walking. The examiner will listen to the heart and lungs using a stethoscope, listening for a normal heartbeat and any other sounds that indicate abnormalities in the lungs such as wheezing or decreased breath sounds.

During palpation, the examiner will feel each body area to determine its size, shape, texture, and temperature as well as any sensitivity or tenderness. The abdomen will be inspected for bowel sounds and any pulsations. The ear will be examined to check for hearing and balance and the nose and throat will be listened to as well.

The last part of a physical exam is the neurological section, which includes testing for balance and coordination, as well as evaluating muscle strength. The neurological exam also includes checking for the presence of any deformities in the spine and brain, as well as feeling the cranium to check for abnormalities such as headaches or facial nerve weakness. Depending on the reason for the visit, other sections of the exam may be included as well. For example, a cardiologist will not include a detailed examination of the eyes or lungs in a routine physical but might assess a patient's cardiovascular system to see if they are suitable for surgery.